Mekanisme Kerusakan Hepar Akibat Induksi Aloksan pada Model Tikus Diabetes: Suatu Tinjauan Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71417/galen.v2i1.139Keywords:
Aloksan, Diabetes Melitus, Hepatotoksisitas, Model Tikus, Stres OksidatifAbstract
Aloksan merupakan agen diabetogenik yang banyak digunakan untuk meniru kondisi diabetes melitus tipe 1 pada hewan percobaan melalui induksi stres oksidatif dan destruksi sel β pankreas. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mekanisme kerusakan hepar pada model tikus diabetes yang diinduksi aloksan, dengan fokus pada perubahan biokimia, stres oksidatif, inflamasi, dan gambaran histopatologi. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan secara terstruktur melalui PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, dan Garuda pada publikasi tahun 2019–2025, dan diperoleh 17 artikel yang dianalisis secara naratif. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa induksi aloksan, terutama pada dosis 120–150 mg/kg berat badan secara intraperitoneal, secara konsisten menimbulkan disfungsi hepatoseluler yang ditandai oleh peningkatan enzim hepar dan penurunan kapasitas sintesis protein. Kerusakan ini dimediasi oleh ketidakseimbangan redoks dengan peningkatan stres oksidatif, penurunan sistem antioksidan endogen, serta aktivasi jalur inflamasi yang berkontribusi terhadap degenerasi dan nekrosis hepatosit. Beberapa studi melaporkan bahwa agen fitoterapi dengan aktivitas antioksidan dan antiinflamasi mampu memperbaiki parameter biokimia dan struktur histologis hepar. Secara keseluruhan, kerusakan hepar pada model diabetes aloksan merupakan hasil interaksi kompleks antara hiperglikemia, stres oksidatif, dan inflamasi hepatik, sehingga modulasi jalur tersebut berpotensi menjadi strategi protektif yang rasional.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Reimma Emily Rachman, Waluyo Rudiyanto, Septia Eva Lusina, Susianti (Author)
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